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Demystifying UART, SPI, and I2C: Communication Between Chips

    Demystifying UART, SPI, and I2C: Communication Between Chips

    In both VLSI design and embedded systems, no chip operates in isolation. Whether it’s a microcontroller interfacing with sensors, a processor communicating with memory modules, or multiple peripherals synchronizing data, inter-chip communication is fundamental to building reliable and scalable hardware systems.

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    hardware communication-protocols all s